Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, and the Complexity of Osteoporosis Types
Osteoporosis encompasses a diverse group of disorders rather than a single, uniform disease entity. Etiologies range from age-related bone loss and endocrine dysfunction to chronic inflammatory states, pharmacologic exposures, and rare metabolic abnormalities. Despite these distinct pathophysiological origins, all forms of osteoporosis converge on a common endpoint: a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and/or a deterioration of bone microarchitecture, culminating in increased skeletal fragility and elevated fracture risk due to imbalance of bone remodeling.